I-ADSS clampIisistim zichaza ngokutsha ufakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni ngobunjineli bazo obuphambili kunye nophuculo lokusebenza. Uyilo lwabo olutsha lukhulisa ukuhanjiswa komthwalo kunye neentambo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nomonakalo. Iimpawu zeemodyuli zei-adss cable clampukwenza lula ukufakela ngelixa uvumela iisayizi ezahlukeneyo zeentambo. Ukuhambelana okusemgangathweni kubo bonke abavelisi kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okungaguqukiyo. Ezi nkqubo, kuqukai-adss suspension clampkwayei-adss tension clamp, hambisa ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okungahambelaniyo, okubenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi naUkumiswa kwentambo ye-adsizicelo.
Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha
- Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clampukuphucula ukuseta ifayibha yasemoyeni ngoyilo lwazo olungelulo okwentsimbi. Banikezela ngokhuseleko olukhulu lombane kwiindawo eziphezulu zombane.
- I-ADSS Clamp ilula kwaye yomelele, yenza ukuseta kube lula. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lomsebenzi kunye neendleko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% ngelixa lihlala lithembekile.
- Ezi zixhobo zibamba imozulu embi kakuhle. Ziyaxhathisa imitha ye-UV kunye nomhlwa, zihlala ixesha elide kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci.
Iimpawu ezizodwa ze-ADSS Clamp Systems
Uyilo lweDielectric lwe-All-Dielectric ye-Insulation yoMbane
Uyilo lwe-dielectric yonke ye-ADSS Clamp systems luqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kombane okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula kwiindawo ezinemizila ephezulu yombane. Olu luyilo luphelisa imfuno yezinto eziqhubayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kombane okanye umonakalo. Ubunjineli obutsha obusemva kolu phawu buphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kufakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni.
Imilinganiselo yobugcisa ephambili igxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle koyilo lwe-dielectric yonke. Le milinganiselo ibandakanya i-dielectric constant, amandla e-dielectric, i-tangent yokulahlekelwa, kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Ipharamitha nganye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle:
| Umlinganiselo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Dielectric Constant | Ibonisa isakhono semathiriyeli yokugcina amandla ombane. |
| Amandla eDielectric | Imele ubuninzi bentsimi yombane into enokumelana nayo ngaphandle kokuphuka. |
| Ilahleko yeTangenti | Ilinganisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla njengobushushu, okubalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ilahleko yamandla kwiinkqubo zombane. |
| Ukuzinza kweThermal | Ivavanya ukusebenza kwezinto phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu. |
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli, uyilo lwe-dielectric yonke lubonisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-insulating. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa olu thelekiso:
| Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo | Ixabiso le-CTI (V) | Arc Track Resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Uyilo lweDielectric yonke | I-CTI ephezulu | Ukuxhathisa ngakumbi |
| IiNkqubo zeMveli | CTI esezantsi | Ukunganyangeki kancinci |
Ezi mpawu zenzaIinkqubo ze-ADSS Clampukhetho oluthembekileyo lweenethiwekhi zefiber optic zanamhlanje, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomngeni zombane.
Ukumelana ne-UV kunye neZixhobo zokuNgena kwiMozulu
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zakhiwe kusetyenziswa i-UV-resistant kunyeizixhobo zemozulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kufakelo lwangaphandle. Ukuchanabeka ixesha elide elangeni, imvula, namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokuthomalalisa izinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iipolymers eziphambili kunye neengubo ezisetyenziswa kwiiClamp ze-ADSS ziyayichasa le miba yokusingqongileyo, igcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Olu phawu luluncedo ngokukhethekileyo kufakelo kwimimandla enemozulu embi. Ngokuthintela ukuthotywa kwezinto, ezi zixhobo zinciphisa iimfuno zokulondolozwa kwaye zandisa ubomi bothungelwano lwe-aerial fiber. Ukukwazi kwabo ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo kugxininisa ukuthembeka kwabo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Ulwakhiwo oluKhala kunye noLomelele
Ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu kodwa oluhlala luhleli lweenkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nokusebenza. Iinjineli ziye zayila ezi clamps ukubonelela ngamandla-to-weight ratios, ukuqinisekisa ukuba banokuxhasa imithwalo enzima ngaphandle kokongeza ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kwiziseko zophuhliso.
Uphononongo luqaqambisa iingenelo zemathiriyeli efana nentsimbi epholileyo (i-CFS), ebonisa umlinganiselo obalaseleyo wamandla ukuya kubunzima. Ezi zixhobo zigqwesa iinketho zemveli ezinje ngamaplanga kunye nekhonkrithi, zinika ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ukwehliswa kweendleko zempahla kunye nozinzo oluphuculweyo.
- Ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwimimandla yenyikima ngokunciphisa ukushukuma okugqithisileyo ngexesha leenyikima.
- Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulula ukuphatha ngexesha lofakelo.
Umlinganiselo wamandla kubunzima yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kulwakhiwo, njengoko imisela indlela ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezinokuthwala ngayo imithwalo enxulumene nobunzima bayo. Iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp ziyawusebenzisa lo mgaqo ukuze unikeze ukusebenza owomeleleyo ngelixa usenza lula inkqubo yofakelo. Olu ludibaniso loyilo olukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuqina lubenza lube lolona khetho lukhethwayo lofakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni.
Indlela i-ADSS Clamp Systems iyoyisa ngayo imingeni yokuFakelo
Ukuqinisekisa uKhuseleko kunye noZinzo kwiiNdawo eziQhelekileyo
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clampbagqwese ekugcineni ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo, nakwezona ndawo zinemingeni. Uyilo lwabo oluqinileyo luqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zihlala zikhuselekile phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli. Ezi zixhobo zimelana nemitha ye-UV, umhlwa, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimandundu, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni, baye babonakalisa ukuxhathisa okumangalisayo kumanzi nokuba sesichengeni setyuwa. Inkampani yezonxibelelwano iye yaphumelela ekufakeni ezi zithinteli kwindawo engaselunxwemeni olunomoya, apho zahlala zibambelele yaye zihlala ixesha elide phezu kwayo nje imozulu embi.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa iimpawu eziphambili zokusebenza eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwazo:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Yenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zihlala zikhuselekile kwiimeko ezinzima. |
| Ukumelana ne-UV | Igcina ingqibelelo phantsi kokuvezwa ixesha elide kwe-UV, ikhusela ukuthotywa kwexesha. |
| Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | Yenziwe ngemathiriyeli ekwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nomhlwa, ilungele imeko-bume engaselunxwemeni nefumileyo. |
| Ukusebenza kweMozulu okugqithisileyo | Yenza ngokuthembekileyo kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. |
Ezi mpawu zenza iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zibe lukhetho oluthembekileyo lofakelo kwiindawo ezinzima.
Ukwenza lula ukuFakelo ngoYilo oluZixhasayo
Iukuzixhasa uyiloye-ADSS Clamp systems yenza lula inkqubo yofakelo kakhulu. Olu luyilo luphelisa imfuno yezakhiwo ezongezelelweyo zenkxaso, ukunciphisa ixesha lokufakela kunye nobunzima. Uphononongo lwe-case lubonakalise ukuncitshiswa kwe-28% kwiifowuni zeziko lenkonzo ezinxulumene nokuzifakela kwabathengi, kuqaqambisa ukukhululeka kokusetyenziswa. Uyilo olungqinelanayo phakathi kwemiyalelo yesikrini kunye nokupakishwa kunciphisa ngakumbi ukubhideka, ukuqinisekisa amava ofakelo olungenamthungo.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa impembelelo yolu yilo:
| Inkcazo yobungqina | Impembelelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuncitshiswa kwe-28% kwiifowuni zamaziko eenkonzo | Ibonisa ukuhla okukhulu kwiimfuno zenkxaso yabathengi. |
| Yila ukulingana phakathi kwemiyalelo kunye nokupakishwa | Ukunciphisa ukudideka ngexesha lofakelo. |
| Izantya eziphuculweyo zokulayisha ngemizuzwana eyi-1.4 | Yandisa amava omsebenzisi, ivumela abathengi ukuba balandele inkqubela phambili ngokulula. |
Le ndlela intsha ayigcini nje ixesha kodwa yongeza ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi.
Ukuziqhelanisa neePoli ezahlukeneyo kunye noLungiso lweCable
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezingafaniyo ngokuziqhelanisa neepali ezahlukeneyo kunye noqwalaselo lwentambo. Uyilo lwabo lweemodyuli luthatha ubungakanani beentambo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zeepali, ziqinisekisa ukuhambelana kofakelo olwahlukeneyo. Oku kuguquguquka kunciphisa imfuno yezisombululo zesiko, ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yokuthunyelwa. Iinjineli zinokuthembela kwezi clamps ukubonelela ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo, ngaphandle kokuntsonkotha kweziseko zophuhliso.
Ngokujongana nale mingeni, iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp zibeka umgangatho omtsha wokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka kufakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni.
Iinzuzo zokuSebenzisa i-ADSS Clamp Systems
Indleko-esebenzayo kunye neeNdleko eziNcitshisiweyo zoFakelo
Iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp zinikezela ngogcino lweendleko ezibalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi zofakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni. Uyilo lwabo olulula luphelisa imfuno yokuqinisa inqaba ebanzi, ukunciphisa iindleko zeziseko. ENorway, uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweendleko lubonise ukuba iintambo ze-ADSS zinciphise iindleko zokuqinisa inqaba nge-€280,000 phezu kofakelo lwe-120km xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zentsimbi.
Iindleko zabasebenzi nazo ziyaxhamla kwinkqubo yofakelo eyenziwe lula. Abasebenzi bafikelela kumazinga ofakelo akhawulezayo, bagqibezela iiprojekthi ngobuchule obungaphezulu nge-30% ngenxa yeenkqubo zoxinzelelo ezilungelelanisiweyo. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kunciphisa ixesha kunye nezibonelelo ezifunekayo ukuze zisasazwe, okwenza iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.
Iindleko zogcino yenye indawo apho ezi nkqubo zigqwesileyo. Izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo ze-ADSS zithintela imiba eqhelekileyo efumaneka kwimimandla eselunxwemeni, zinciphisa ungenelelo lokulondoloza ngama-65%. Ngobomi beminyaka engama-25, iintambo ze-ADSS zisebenza ngakumbi kwiiyantlukwano zetsimbi, ezifuna ukutshintshwa emva kweminyaka eyi-12-15.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathela inzuzo yeendleko:
| Uhlobo lobungqina | Iinkcukacha |
|---|---|
| UkuNcitshiswa kweendleko zokuFakela | Iintambo ze-ADSS zehlise iindleko zokuqinisa inqaba nge-€280,000 kwi-120km kwi-120km eNorway xa kuthelekiswa neentambo zentsimbi. |
| Ukonga Iindleko Zabasebenzi | Abasebenzi bafumene umyinge wama-30% wofakelo olukhawulezayo lweentambo ngeentambo ze-ADSS ngenxa yeenkqubo ezilula zoxinzelelo. |
| UkuNcitshiswa kweendleko zoLondolozo | Iintambo ze-ADSS zithintela imiba yokubola, zinciphisa ungenelelo lokulondoloza ngama-65% kwimimandla eselunxwemeni. |
| Ixesha elide Ukuqina | Iintambo ze-ADSS ziphila iminyaka engama-25 ngaphandle kokutshintshwa, xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka eyi-12-15 kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. |
| UkuSebenza kweNdleko ngokuSebenzayo | Uthungelwano lwe-ADSS lufumana i-30% yexabiso eliphantsi lilonke lobunini kwiminyaka engama-20 xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ze-OPGW. |
Ezi nzuzo zeendleko zenzaIinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamputyalo-mali oluncomekayo ngokwasezimalini kuthungelwano lwale mihla lwefiber optic.
Ukunyaniseka okuPhuculo kunye nokuSebenza kwexesha elide
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zenzelwe ukuqina kunye nokuthembeka, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Izixhobo zabo ezimelana ne-UV zigcina ingqibelelo yolwakhiwo phantsi kokuvezwa lilanga ixesha elide, zizenza zilungele ukufakwa kwimimandla enemitha yelanga.
Ukumelana nomhlwa yenye into ebalulekileyo. Ziyilwe ngemathiriyeli ekwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa, ezi zithinteli zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwindawo engqonge unxweme nefumileyo, apho iinkqubo zemveli zihlala zisilela. Ukukwazi kwabo ukumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini, kubandakanywa nomoya onamandla kunye nekhephu elinzima, liqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zihlala zikhuselekile phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa ukuthembeka kweemetrics:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukumelana ne-UV | Igcina ingqibelelo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ze-UV, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide. |
| Ukunyangwa kokuMhlwa | Ifanele iindawo eziselunxwemeni nezifumileyo, ezenziwe ngezinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa. |
| Ukunyangwa koxinzelelo lweMechanical | Imelana nemimoya enamandla kunye nekhephu elinzima, igcina iintambo zikhuselekile. |
Ezi mpawu zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kweenkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp, ukunciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokuqinisekisa inkonzo engaphazanyiswa.
Ingcebiso:Ukukhetha iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp zofakelo lwe-aerial fiber kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumaziko asezidolophini ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zonxweme.
Ukuhambelana neeNethiwekhi zale mihla zeFayibha Optic
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp ziyilelwe ukudibanisa ngokungenamthungo kunyeiinethiwekhi zefiber optic zanamhlanje. Ulwakhiwo lwabo lweemodyuli luthatha ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bekhebula kunye nolungelelwaniso lweepali, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kuzo zonke iimeko zofakelo ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuziqhelanisa kwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwaye kuphelise imfuno yezisombululo zesiko, ukonga ixesha kunye nezixhobo.
Uyilo oluzixhasayo lwala ma-clamps luhambelana neemfuno zeenkqubo eziphambili ze-fiber optic, ukubonelela ukuzinza kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka komqondiso. Iinjineli zinokuthembela kwiinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp ukuhambisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo, nakwiziseko zonxibelelwano ezinzima.
Ngokunikezela ngokuhambelana nobuchwepheshe be-cutting-edge, iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zixhasa ukwandiswa kofikelelo lwe-intanethi olukhawulezayo ukuya ezidolophini nasezilalini ngokufanayo. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kubenza babaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kothungelwano lwezonxibelelwano lwale mihla.
Ii-Real-World Applications ze-ADSS Clamp Systems
Ukusasazwa kweFayibha ezidolophini nasemaphandleni
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clampzibonakalise ukuguquguquka kwazo kuzo zombini ezidolophini nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kwimimandla yasezidolophini, ezi nkqubo zixhasa iziseko zothungelwano ezixineneyo ngokufaka iipali ezahlukeneyo neentambo zokumiselwa. Ulwakhiwo lwabo olukhaphukhaphu lunciphisa ubunzima kwiipali ezisetyenziswayo ezikhoyo, zizenze zibe zezilungele iiprojekthi zokulungisa ngokutsha. Kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, apho iziseko zophuhliso zinokunqongophala, uyilo oluzixhasayo lwe-ADSS Clamps lwenza lula ukufakela. Eli nqaku lenza ukusasazwa okukhawulezileyo kwe-intanethi enesantya esiphezulu, ukuvala ulwahlulo lwedijithali phakathi koluntu lwasezidolophini nolukude.
Ukusebenza kwiiMeko zeMozulu eziBabekileyo
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zigqwesa kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okungaphazamisekiyo. Izixhobo zabo ezimelana ne-UV zimelana nokuvezwa lilanga ixesha elide, ngelixa izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nomhlwa zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwindawo efumileyo okanye eselunxwemeni. Ezi clamps zikwanyamezela uxinzelelo lomatshini olubangelwa yimimoya enamandla, ikhephu elinzima, okanye ukuqokelelwa komkhenkce. Ngokomzekelo, kwindawo yonxweme enomoya, inkampani yezonxibelelwano yabika ukuba i-ADSS Clamps igcine inkxaso yentambo ekhuselekileyo nangona iimeko ezinzima. Oku komelela kubenza babe lukhetho oluthembekileyo lofakelo kwiingingqi ezithanda imozulu embi.
Imizekelo equka iiNkqubo zeClamp zikaDowell zeADSS
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp ze-Dowell zibonise ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kwizicelo zehlabathi zangempela. Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa iziphumo eziphambili ezivela kuphononongo lwemizekelo eyahlukeneyo:
| ICase Study Description | Isiphumo |
|---|---|
| Ukusasazwa kwimimandla eselunxwemeni enomswakama ophezulu kunye nokuvezwa kwetyuwa | Ixhathise ukudleka kwaye ibambelele ngokuqinileyo |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yonxweme enomoya yinkampani yonxibelelwano | Ukubonisa ukuqina kunye nenkxaso yekhebula ekhuselekileyo nangona iimeko ezinzima |
| Ukukhuselwa ngokuchasene nokuvezwa kwe-UV kunye nokuhlwa | Ilungele ukufakelwa kwangaphandle kwexesha elide |
Le mizekelo igxininisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuguquguquka kweenkqubo ze-Dowell ze-ADSS Clamp, ziqinisa isidima sabo njengesisombululo esithembekileyoUfakelo lwefibre emoyeni.
Iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp ziguqula ufakelo lwefayibha zasemoyeni kunye neempawu zazo ezintsha kunye noncedo olusebenzayo. Ziphucula ukhuseleko, zenza lula ukufakela, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide. Ukusebenza kweendleko kunye nokuthembeka kwabo kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kuthungelwano lwefayibha zanamhlanje. Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zikaDowell zenza ezi mpawu, zimisela umgangatho omtsha woshishino wokusebenza kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
- Izinto Eziluncedo Ezingundoqo:
- Khusela iintambo zefiber optic, ukunciphisa imingcipheko ngexesha leentlekele zendalo.
- Lula ufakelo kwiindawo ezikude ngokuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka.
- Ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kwendalo, ukuqinisekisa ixesha elide kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi.
FAQ
Yintoni eyenza iisistim ze-ADSS Clamp zilungele iindawo ezisingqongileyo?
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clampsebenzisa izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana ne-UV kunye ne-corrosion-proof. Ezi mpawu ziqinisekisa ukomelela kunye nokusebenza kwiimeko zemozulu ezimandundu, kubandakanywa ukufuma okuphezulu, umoya ovuthuzayo, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga.
Ingcebiso:Khetha i-ADSS Clamp yokufakelwa kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni okanye eziyintlango ukwandisa ukuthembeka.
Ngaba iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp ziyakwazi ukuxhasa ubungakanani bentambo ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe, iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp ziyabonakalauyilo lwemodyuli. Olu yilo luthatha ubungakanani beentambo ezahlukeneyo, luqinisekisa ukuhambelana nolungelelwaniso olwahlukeneyo lwenethiwekhi yefiber optic kunye nokwenza lula iinkqubo zofakelo.
Iinkqubo ze-ADSS Clamp zinciphisa njani iindleko zofakelo?
Ukwakhiwa kwabo okukhaphukhaphu kunye nokuzimela ngokwabo kuphelisa isidingo sezakhiwo ezongezelelweyo zenkxaso. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kuzenza isisombululo esineendleko ezisebenzayo zofakelo lwefayibha yasemoyeni.
Phawula:Amazinga ofakelo olukhawulezayo nawo anegalelo kugcino lweendleko ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-18-2025